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Java - Sending Email

To send an e-mail using your Java Application is simple enough but to start with you should have JavaMail API and Java Activation Framework (JAF) installed on your machine.

Download and unzip these files, in the newly created top level directories you will find a number of jar files for both the applications. You need to add mail.jar and activation.jarfiles in your CLASSPATH.

Send a Simple E-mail:

Here is an example to send a simple e-mail from your machine. Here it is assumed that your localhost is connected to the internet and capable enough to send an email.

  // File Name SendEmail.java    import java.util.*;  import javax.mail.*;  import javax.mail.internet.*;  import javax.activation.*;    public class SendEmail  {     public static void main(String [] args)     {            // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.        String to = "abcd@gmail.com";          // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned        String from = "web@gmail.com";          // Assuming you are sending email from localhost        String host = "localhost";          // Get system properties        Properties properties = System.getProperties();          // Setup mail server        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);          // Get the default Session object.        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);          try{           // Create a default MimeMessage object.           MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);             // Set From: header field of the header.           message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));             // Set To: header field of the header.           message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,                                    new InternetAddress(to));             // Set Subject: header field           message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");             // Now set the actual message           message.setText("This is actual message");             // Send message           Transport.send(message);           System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");        }catch (MessagingException mex) {           mex.printStackTrace();        }     }  }

Compile and run this program to send a simple e-mail:

$ java SendEmail  Sent message successfully....

If you want to send an e-mail to multiple recipients then following methods would be used to specify multiple e-mail IDs:

void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type,                      Address[] addresses)  throws MessagingException

Here is the description of the parameters:

  • type: This would be set to TO, CC or BCC. Here CC represents Carbon Copy and BCC represents Black Carbon Copy. Example Message.RecipientType.TO

  • addresses: This is the array of email ID. You would need to use InternetAddress() method while specifying email IDs

Send an HTML E-mail:

Here is an example to send an HTML email from your machine. Here it is assumed that your localhost is connected to the internet and capable enough to send an email.

This example is very similar to previous one, except here we are using setContent() method to set content whose second argument is "text/html" to specify that the HTML content is included in the message.

Using this example, you can send as big as HTML content you like.

  // File Name SendHTMLEmail.java    import java.util.*;  import javax.mail.*;  import javax.mail.internet.*;  import javax.activation.*;    public class SendHTMLEmail  {     public static void main(String [] args)     {                // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.        String to = "abcd@gmail.com";          // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned        String from = "web@gmail.com";          // Assuming you are sending email from localhost        String host = "localhost";          // Get system properties        Properties properties = System.getProperties();          // Setup mail server        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);          // Get the default Session object.        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);          try{           // Create a default MimeMessage object.           MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);             // Set From: header field of the header.           message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));             // Set To: header field of the header.           message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,                                    new InternetAddress(to));             // Set Subject: header field           message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");             // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like           message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>",                              "text/html" );             // Send message           Transport.send(message);           System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");        }catch (MessagingException mex) {           mex.printStackTrace();        }     }  }

Compile and run this program to send an HTML e-mail:

$ java SendHTMLEmail  Sent message successfully....

Send Attachment in E-mail:

Here is an example to send an email with attachment from your machine. Here it is assumed that your localhost is connected to the internet and capable enough to send an email.

  // File Name SendFileEmail.java    import java.util.*;  import javax.mail.*;  import javax.mail.internet.*;  import javax.activation.*;    public class SendFileEmail  {     public static void main(String [] args)     {                // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.        String to = "abcd@gmail.com";          // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned        String from = "web@gmail.com";          // Assuming you are sending email from localhost        String host = "localhost";          // Get system properties        Properties properties = System.getProperties();          // Setup mail server        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);          // Get the default Session object.        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);          try{           // Create a default MimeMessage object.           MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);             // Set From: header field of the header.           message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));             // Set To: header field of the header.           message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,                                    new InternetAddress(to));             // Set Subject: header field           message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");             // Create the message part            BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();             // Fill the message           messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");                      // Create a multipar message           Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();             // Set text message part           multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);             // Part two is attachment           messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();           String filename = "file.txt";           DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);           messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));           messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);           multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);             // Send the complete message parts           message.setContent(multipart );             // Send message           Transport.send(message);           System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");        }catch (MessagingException mex) {           mex.printStackTrace();        }     }  }

Compile and run this program to send an HTML e-mail:

$ java SendFileEmail  Sent message successfully....

User Authentication Part:

If it is required to provide user ID and Password to the e-mail server for authentication purpose then you can set these properties as follows:

   props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");   props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");

Rest of the e-mail sending mechanism would remain as explained above.

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