SQL - AND and OR Conjunctive Operators

The SQL AND and OR operators are used to combine multiple conditions to narrow data in an SQL statement. These two operators are called conjunctive operators.

These operators provide a means to make multiple comparisons with different operators in the same SQL statement.

The AND Operator:

The AND operator allows the existence of multiple conditions in an SQL statement's WHERE clause.

Syntax:

The basic syntax of AND operator with WHERE clause is as follows:

  SELECT column1, column2, columnN   FROM table_name  WHERE [condition1] AND [condition2]...AND [conditionN];

You can combine N number of conditions using AND operator. For an action to be taken by the SQL statement, whether it be a transaction or query, all conditions separated by the AND must be TRUE.

Example:

Consider the CUSTOMERS table having the following records:

  +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+  | ID | NAME     | AGE | ADDRESS   | SALARY   |  +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+  |  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |  |  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |  |  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |  |  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |  |  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |  |  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |  |  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |  +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

Following is an example, which would fetch ID, Name and Salary fields from the CUSTOMERS table where salary is greater than 2000 AND age is less tan 25 years:

  SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY   FROM CUSTOMERS  WHERE SALARY > 2000 AND age < 25;

This would produce the following result:

  +----+-------+----------+  | ID | NAME  | SALARY   |  +----+-------+----------+  |  6 | Komal |  4500.00 |  |  7 | Muffy | 10000.00 |  +----+-------+----------+

The OR Operator:

The OR operator is used to combine multiple conditions in an SQL statement's WHERE clause.

Syntax:

The basic syntax of OR operator with WHERE clause is as follows:

  SELECT column1, column2, columnN   FROM table_name  WHERE [condition1] OR [condition2]...OR [conditionN]

You can combine N number of conditions using OR operator. For an action to be taken by the SQL statement, whether it be a transaction or query, only any ONE of the conditions separated by the OR must be TRUE.

Example:

Consider the CUSTOMERS table having the following records:

  +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+  | ID | NAME     | AGE | ADDRESS   | SALARY   |  +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+  |  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |  |  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |  |  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |  |  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |  |  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |  |  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |  |  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |  +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

Following is an example, which would fetch ID, Name and Salary fields from the CUSTOMERS table where salary is greater than 2000 OR age is less tan 25 years:

  SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY   FROM CUSTOMERS  WHERE SALARY > 2000 OR age < 25;

This would produce the following result:

  +----+----------+----------+  | ID | NAME     | SALARY   |  +----+----------+----------+  |  3 | kaushik  |  2000.00 |  |  4 | Chaitali |  6500.00 |  |  5 | Hardik   |  8500.00 |  |  6 | Komal    |  4500.00 |  |  7 | Muffy    | 10000.00 |  +----+----------+----------+